American Spanish war in 1898, Spain Loses Colonies

It is quite difficult to make a conclusion on the particular incident that lost 258 American sailors on board the battleship USS Maine, not because of the complexity of the incident but because of the lack of sufficient findings of the case. Even some writers address the incident as â€Å"The USS Maine mysteriously blew up. † The USS Maine was sent to Havana harbor with a mission to protect US citizens in Cuba. According to Phillip Oppenheim â€Å"The Spanish immediately apologized† but â€Å"what evidence there was pointed to an accidental explosion in the Ship’s magazine† (p.  101).The findings however was, the cause of the tragedy was an accidental explosion as a result of spontaneous combustion in the coalbunker near the powder magazine. This finding was particularly concluded by Hyman G. Rickover, a US Navy Admiral and a scientist, published in 1976. Hyman’s findings may be convincing, but then Reckover’s findings according to a wikipe dia article have been disputed by US Naval History Center (Wikipedia).My conclusion on the Cuba incident was the USS Maine was intentionally blown up either by some pro Spanish group such as the â€Å"Spanish Voluntarios† or by Cuban independence fighter in order to spark the war between the United State and Spain. Citing Captain Sigsbee, the commanding officer of the Maine, Evelina Gleaves Cohen pointed out Captain Sigbee’s message reporting that the USS Maine was destroyed by a Mine. Sigbee’s message stated, â€Å"I surmise that her berth was one planted previous to her arrival, perhaps long ago† (Cohen, p. 63).It would be reasonable to believe in the survivor’s account as they have witnessed in detail what exactly had happened. It was intentional as the mine could not be there if it was not planted for that purpose. The only thing that maybe difficult to establish was who were behind this incident. Nonetheless, it serves its purpose. The Origin of the War The origin of Spanish American war cannot be attributed to the so called â€Å"Cuba incident† as the USS Maine were sent to protect US citizens from the hostilities that were orchestrated by pro Spanish Voluntarios which gave the United States a basis to launch in the warship USS Maine.According to Wikipedia article, the war started after Spain rejected the American demand to resolve peacefully the Cuban struggle for independence. The explosion of the USS Maine may have ignited the already smoking conflict but it was the interest of the United States on Spain’s overseas territories that led to them to participate in the Cuban political struggles (Wikipedia). The USS Maine According to Oppenheim the USS Maine â€Å"sailed provocatively into Havana harbor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 101).An internet article entitled Increasing Spanish-Cuban tensions: Late 19th Century, mentioned that when the conflict broke out in Cuba in 1895, Spain sent 200,000 troops under the infam ous general Weyler, also known as â€Å"the Butcher,† to squash the insurrection. Weyler imprisoned large number in concentration camps under the harsh and inhuman condition causing prisoners rapid death especially from disease. This outraged portions of the US public that called out for immediate action which the provoked the US to issue an ultimatum to the Spanish authorities.With Spain’s refusal to oblige, the US congress passed a declaration of was against Spain prior to the destruction of the USS Maine (The Spanish American War 1898-1901). Consequences of the Confrontation The consequences of the confrontations on the Spanish authorities were enormous as most of their remaining ships were destroyed aside from many lives that were lost in the battle. But most importantly, Spain losses all its overseas colonies including their most treasured possession, Cuba. It also marked the collapsed of Spain’s power.However, the consequences of war on the United States w ere rather positive. The United States became a world power after it acquired the Spanish colonies (Spanish American War). What loosing Cuba meant for Spain? Basically, it seemed that politically and economically Cuba does not really have such importance for Spain than any of their colonies in Asia and all other part of the world. Perhaps the importance of Cuba for Spain was that it was during the Cuban rebellion that led to war against the United States, which eventually led to the loss of the remaining overseas colonies of Spain.Cuba was the last image of Spanish greatness and pride thus Spain was determined to keep the country under their control despite pressure from the United States to grant independence to the beleaguered colony. What other Colonies were lost by Spain The American victory against Spain enables the United States to acquire Spanish colonies such as the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico. The Philippines was acquired by the United States after the Spanish forces in the Philippines surrendered manila to Admiral George Dewey in battle of Manila Bay (Spanish American War).The American forces needed the support of Filipino rebels particularly of Emilio Aguinaldo before finally subduing the Spanish forces in the Philippines. After American victory in the Philippines, Spain lost Guam to the United States with out a fight. Spanish Authorities in Guam According to the internet article Spanish American War were unaware that the war had started until American warship arrived in Guam on June 20, surprised; the authorities surrendered the island without a fight. Another colony that Spain lost to the United States due to their defeat in the war was Puerto Rico.According to the article, the invasion of Puerto Rico began on afternoon of July 21 from the Guantanamo bay. The invasion was spearheaded by battleship Massachusetts, Dixie, Gloucester, Colunbia and Yale, under the command of Captain of Frances J. Higginson with 3,500 U. S Army troops. Although t he US Army encountered pierce resistance but they subsequently over power the Spanish Forces depending the country. Other colonies lost by Spain through treaty and sale to the United States were Hawaiian Islands, The Guantanamo Bay, the Virgin Islands, and part of the Samoan Archipelago. ConclusionThe Spanish American war was the classic encounter between the declining super and the rising world power. The war seemed to be that turned over of power by the exiting world power to the United States as the emerging world power. But the lesson that the war may have taught Spain, and the United States was that war was not only a means for settling disputes, but it was also an expression of unsatisfied cravings for more. The Spanish American War (1898-1901) tp://www. sparknotes. com/history/american/spanishamerican/section1. html Spanish American war http://www. conservapedia. com/Spanish-American_War

Consumer Behavior on Black Friday

Running Head: Black Friday Consumer Behavior on Black Friday Abstract The purpose of this research is to examine consumer behavior on Black Friday. Black Friday is typically the busiest shopping day of the year, and it is all driven by the chance for consumers to save the most amount of money possible while getting their holiday shopping done. Research was done online, and also through personal experiences. By understanding what retailers and consumers hope to accomplish on this day can have a positive impact on everyone. Consumers are able to get what they want with the least amount of turmoil, and retailers are able to turn a profit. This research can be most helpful to merchants, as it will help them to understand what a consumer wants, and what they expect the unofficial holiday to be like. A complication with this research is that each consumer is different and may have different expectations in mind. Concentrating on making Black Friday as organized as possible will only benefit all parties involved. Introduction Black Friday refers to the day after Thanksgiving, which is the unofficial start of the holiday shopping season. Black Friday is a day when stores dramatically discount products with the intention of luring in the highest number of shoppers possible. The term Black Friday received its name because that is a day when, hopefully, businesses balance sheets go from red, a loss, to black, a profit (Staff, 2010). It can be a day of chaos, as seen in 2008 when a Walmart employee was trampled to death by a mob of customers (Gould, Trapasso, & Schapiro, 2008). But many that day focus on saving money, and are willing to wait in lines for days for a deal. Impulsive Consumption Some of the purchases made on Black Friday may be impulsive. The textbook states that impulsive consumption is usually spontaneous and involves some feelings of liberation; is associated with a lessened sense of costs or consequences; and is motivated by a need for immediate self-fulfillment (Babin & Harris, 2011). Consumers who go to a store for only a couple of items may find themselves enticed by other items that are on sale. The average person spent $365. 34 during Black Friday weekend 2010, for a total of approximately $45 billion total spent nationally (Chang, 2010). Unplanned purchases may be made because although a consumer went to a store for one sale, they may not have known all the other items that are discounted that day, and may make other purchases. Because many Black Friday shoppers are actually holiday shopping for other people, it is easy to look for a gift for one person, but find those perfect gifts for the other four people on your list, all in the name of getting a good deal. Social Environment Social environment is defined in the text as â€Å"the other customers and employees in a service or shopping environment (Babin & Harris, 2011). Normally, people may be put off by crowding at stores. However, it is the norm on Black Friday. Although it is still unfavorable, it is something that people are willing to adapt to for the day. It may give a sense of urgency, which will put a consumer into the mindset of action. The text also refers to shopping buddies. Many people who wait in line for hours or even days on Black Friday do not do so alone. There are usually small groups of people, which may help to make consumers feel more comfortable. Consumers are taking more time to find buddies to shop with, and they are making an effort to have a plan in mind for what stores they will visit, and what they will purchase. For people who wait in lines for extended periods, they usually create some type of habitat to pass the time. Consumers bring tents, chairs and heaters to make themselves more comfortable. Some even bring electrical items such as lighting, computers or small televisions to keep them company while waiting for the savings to begin. The people in line usually form temporary relationships with the people that are around them. Sharing stories or deals that they are interested in is a far cry from the massive chaos shown on television news stories. Attitudes People may get caught up in the excitement of the day, and that can help them to spend even more money. While waiting in line, customers at the front of the line seem to be excited and happy. However, at the end of the line, customers appear to be more frustrated and anxious. Some consumers plan their Black Friday shopping trips weeks in advance. There are many websites available for people to view Black Friday advertisements online, before they are supposed to be released to the public. Walmart has tried year after year for the advertisements not to be leaked, but they usually end up on these websites before they are supposed to (4 Years Strong: Walmart Sends Another Cease & Desist, 2011). Stores may not want to have their advertisements released early for a couple of reasons. First, consumers having the ability to research products and having too much time to explore all of their options may mean that consumers will not make as many spontaneous purchases on Black Friday. They also do not want to have their competition see their deals, and then have them beat their prices. Having the advertisements earlier though means consumers are able to plan what stores they want to go to, which may lead to less chaos on the actual day. People are motivated by saving money on Black Friday. Some consumers may even see it as a competition. For some, because there is only a limited selection available for many of the items that are drastically reduced, just acquiring that item may be all the motivation someone needs to be at the front of the line on Black Friday. A consumer may feel a sense of empowerment, or the thrill of winning, which will only intensify their moods for the day. A consumer may be more likely to make a purchase of something out of the ordinary because of the price on Black Friday. The perceived risk is lower because the consumer balances the risk with the monetary discount that is offered, and can write it off easier. Normally, consumers may think thoroughly about an electronics purchase. However, electronics are usually a major seller on Black Friday. Because the discount is thought to be so significant, and the consumer thinks there are only a limited number available, they do not have time to think the purchase through like the normally would, and they make the purchase. What people are buying Each year, electronics are the one of the most widely sought after products on Black Friday. In 2009, the introduction of Zhu-Zhu Pets was the top search on Google referring to Black Friday sales (Wong, 2009). Surprisingly, rugs and jewelry were also top searches in 2009. In 2010, the iPad and other tablets were the top searches in electronics (Andrew, 2010). They were ollowed by laptops and HDTV’s. Handheld gadgets are expected to be a top seller for 2011. E-readers, tablets, music players and smart phones all seem to be popular searches for the upcoming holiday (Black Friday 2011 Predictions, 2011). Televisions and accessories are normally highly discounted on Black Friday, and 2011 should be no different. There may be more sales on 3D televisions, blu-ray players, and bundles of the televisions with the accessories. Cyber Monday Some consumers do not want to brave the chaos of Black Friday, and have moved to online shopping, while still looking for the dramatic discounts. Online purchases have grown steadily over the past few years, and in 2005, the term â€Å"Cyber Monday† was created (â€Å"Cyber Monday† Quickly Becoming One of the Biggest Online Shopping Days of the Year, 2005). In 2010, Black Friday sales grew 9% from the year before, but Cyber Monday sales grew 16% (U. S. Online Holiday Shopping Season Reaches Record $32. 6 Billion for November-December Period, Up 12 Percent vs. Year Ago, 01). Cyber Monday 2010 was the first billion-dollar spending day in history, and the first time that sales on Monday were higher than Friday. Many people have a four-day weekend for Thanksgiving, and are back to work on Monday. A large number of consumers are able to place orders right from a work computer, or even their smart phones. Smart phones are also making it easier for consumers to do research on sales, and to do the shopping itself. Online Black Friday sales increased 11% from 2008-2009 (Wong, 2009). Retailer Organization Most consumers on Black Friday have the same goal; to save money. If the stores are able to have some form of organization on Black Friday, it should help to keep the customers organized also. Chaos is more likely to happen when the store is not prepared for the massive number of shoppers. If the store makes adjustments to the way they normally operate, they are more likely to have an easier time handling the crowds. Passing out tickets to the customers in line for big ticket items is becoming the norm for many stores (Palmer, 2010). By doing so, customers are able to be sure they are going to receive the item they came to purchase, and it is easier to explain when they are sold out of a particular item. Also, some stores are able to rearrange their stores and put the items that are on sale in a particular area, so customers will not have to search all around the store, adding to the chaos. Many stores are choosing to open very early, with some retailers, such as Toys R Us even opening on Thanksgiving night at 10 P. M (Toys†R†Us Stores Nationwide to Open at 10pm on Thanksgiving Night to Welcome Black Friday Shoppers Earlier Than Ever Before with 200 Doorbusters and More Than $11,000 in Savings on Hot Toys, 2010). As this was only introduced in 2010, it remains unknown whether other stores will follow the idea. Having enough employees at check-out and for assisting customers is also essential. Retailers may want to also hire some form of security for the day, to prevent mobs of people causing chaos. No matter how prepared a shopper may be on Black Friday, if the store is unorganized or does not have a sensible system in place, chaos may ensue because of the consumers confusion or frustrations. Customers also look for even further discounts on Black Friday by using coupons. Retailers may want to include in their advertisements and stores about their coupon acceptance policy on Black Friday. If a customer waits in line for hours, then goes in the store to get an item, then waits in line for another hour to check-out, only to find that their coupon will not be accepted, that consumer may get very irritated and that will cause further problems. Conclusion Black Friday is a day that retailers hope to make the most amount of profit. But for consumers, they hope to save as much money as possible. Many consumers make impulsive shopping decisions on Black Friday. The social environment may lead to this behavior, as many shoppers are with friends or family, and make a display out of their shopping practices on that day. The attitudes of people can vary greatly on that day also. Most people are excited, but that can turn to frustration if it does not go as planned. Purchasing trends can vary each year, depending on what the newest items are. Electronics and the newest toys are usually very popular items. Cyber Monday is also changing the way people shop, and helping them to save even more money from the comfort of their home, from work, or even on their smart phone. A retailer being organized on Black Friday is imperative, as it can affect consumer behavior and how much money they spend. References 4 Years Strong: Walmart Sends Another Cease & Desist. (2011, 10 14). Retrieved 10 22, 2011, from http://bfads. net/ Andrew. (2010, 11 15). Holiday Shopping Trends and. Retrieved 10 23, 2011, from http://www. retrevo. com/content/node/1570 Babin, B. J. , & Harris, E. G. (2011). CB2. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Black Friday 2011 Predictions. (2011, 10 11). Retrieved 10 23, 2011, from http://www. blackfriday2011. om/news/2011/10/11/black-friday-2011-predictions/ Chang, A. (2010, 11 28). Big Black Friday weekend results: 212 million shoppers, $45 billion spent. Retrieved 10 21, 2011, from http://latimesblogs. latimes. com/money_co/2010/11/big-black-friday-weekend-results-212-million-shoppers-and-45-billion-spent. html â€Å"Cyber Monday† Quickly Becoming One of the Biggest Online Shopping Days of the Year. (2005, 11 21). Retrieved 23 2011, 10, from http://www. shop. org/c/journal_articles/view_article_content? groupId=1&articleId=623&version=1. 0 Gould, J. , Trapasso, C. & Schapiro, R. (2008, 11 28). Worker dies at Long Island Wal-Mart after being trampled in Black Friday stampede. Retrieved 10 21, 2011, from http://articles. nydailynews. com/2008-11-28/local/17910475_1_wal-mart-worker-long-island-wal-mart-jdimytai-damour Palmer, K. (2010, 11 23). Black Friday Guide to the Best Deals and Steals. Retrieved 10 23, 2011, from http://money. usnews. com/money/personal-finance/articles/2010/11/23/black-friday-guide-to-the-best-deals-and-steals Staff, L. L. (2010, 11 24). Business News Daily. Retrieved 10 21, 2011, from http://www. businessnewsdaily. om/how-did-black-friday-and-cyber-monday-get-their-names–0754/ Toys†R†Us Stores Nationwide to Open at 10pm on Thanksgiving Night to Welcome Black Friday Shoppers Earlier Than Ever Before with 200 Doorbusters and More Than $11,000 in Savings on Hot Toys. (2010, 11 16). Retrieved 10 23, 2011, from http://www. prnewswire. com/news-releases/toysrus-stores-nationwide-to-open-at-10pm-on-thanksgiving-night-to-welcome-black-friday-shoppers-earlier-than-ever-before-with-200-doorbusters-and-more-than-11000-in-savings-on-hot-toys-108565064. html U. S. Online Holiday Shopping Season Reaches Record $32. 6 Billion for

Analysis of the Swamp in Psycho

Analysis of the Swamp in Psycho Adrian Secter Murder, Candy and Chains: An Analysis of the Swamp in Psycho â€Å" Show me a sane man and I will cure him for you.† — Carl Jung Understanding a swamp is to understand what exists in shadow. Not the shadow of night or shroud, but that of the mute. The marginal. To know the scene in Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho where Marion Crane’s corpse-filled car is disposed of, is to know the film. Bogs have always been a place in flux, the last remainder of a primordial ooze. They serve as a place where strange organisms, many of which cannot survive elsewhere, can breed and grow. The same holds true for ideas. For a man such as Norman Bates, the swamp affords him (and his mother) the luxury of anonymity. Removed from the scrutiny of dry land, the rigors of reality, Bates’ imagination does as swamp creatures do. It experiments, it mutates and most importantly, it uses its natural habitat to dispose of any outsiders who threaten it. Given that t he absorptive nature of the swamp scene is both literal and metaphorical, Michael Fried’s â€Å"Absorption and Theatricality† readily lends itself to this analysis. While Fried ostensibly concerns himself with Denis Diderot and 18 th century French paintings, the case he presents all but begs to be deftly applied to film. A plea heard anachronistically by Psycho . This 1960 film is replete with striking scenes, and indeed it could be argued that the movie is comprised entirely of such scenes. It is however, the alluded to â€Å"swamp scene† that is most pertinent. In this scene, Norman Bates (Anthony Perkins) hides the car that his most recent victim, Marion Crane (Janet Leigh). After murdering Crane in her motel room and disposing of all the evidence thereof, Crane’s body and 1957 Ford remain. Cleverly vanishing both corpse and car, Bates wraps Crane in a shower curtain, dumps her in the trunk and rolls the car into a nearby swamp. All of this expositi on appears fairly straightforward, and would be, were the film not directed by Alfred Hitchcock. With Hitchcock behind the camera, the scene is elevated beyond mere plot and into a realm worthy of Fried and analysis. The crucial point of this scene is that the only remaining proof of Crane’s murder, the car, does not go quietly into the swamp. In filming this descent of woman, Hitchcock positions the car on a controllable platform, allowing him to adjust the speed with which the car is lowered into the murky gloom. The car is swallowed up, but only piecemeal. At first it proceeds smoothly, as the muddy waters seep into the front of the car. Then it stops. Half of a bone-white car still sticks out of the darkness. The trunk, with Crane inside, stares back at a watchful Bates. He stares back, munching on candy corn. The water finds its strength again and consumes more of the car. Then it stops. The trunk lies like a Nile crocodile, its back above the water. On the shore, Bates continues watching. At last, the water covers the trunk and its morbid contents. The camera lingers on the last bubbles, expiring as they flee towards the shore.

Perfect Competition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Perfect Competition - Essay Example A firm thus has to minimize its average costs during this time to enable it stays on the market under the prevailing competition. At the equilibrium point, marginal cost, price, short-run average total cost, and long-run average cost are all equal. Therefore, a firm in perfect competition in the long-run will not find any reason to change the quantity of its output (McEachern, 2014). Outside firms will not find any incentive to enter the industry since the existing firms are not earning the economic profit. In other words, all resources employed in this industry make their opportunity costs. Suppose firms in an industry A are gaining economic profits, hence higher return than companies in another industry B in the same economy. Therefore, businesses in Industry B are undergoing economic losses because they are not getting as much as they could in industry A. Some companies in industry B will hence exit to join industry A. The process will go on until firms in both industries are getting zero economic profit. Thus, entry of companies into an industry will reduce economic profits to null in the long-run. For example, radishes price is $0.40 per pound. Mr. John’s average total cost is $0.26 per pound at an output of 6,700 pounds of radishes a month. Each unit will, therefore, bring a profit of $0,14 ($).40-$0.26). Mr. John thus gets a monthly profit of $938 ($0.40x 6,700) as shown in panel (b). Firms will enter the radish industry as long as they can make economic profits (as long as price is more than average total cost (ATC) in panel (b)), the supply curve moves r ight and the price falls. Marginal Revenue goes down to MR2 as price reduces (Cukrowski & Aksen, 2003). Mr. John will have to reduce his supply, shifting along the Marginal Cost (MC) curve to the minimum point on the ATC curve, at $ 0.22 a pound and an output of 5,000 pounds a month. Although individual firm’s output reduces as prices

Managing change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Managing change - Essay Example The different steps associated with change management programs have been put forth by various researchers. Out of them the most prominent model is the eight step managing process of change as proposed by Kotter (1996) (Todnem, 2005, p.370). The process begins with the creation of a sense of urgency in the organization, i.e., major changes necessitate a sense of motivation among relevant people who can sense a potential crisis in the organization. This can arise due to lost markets, reduced profits, and entry of competitors, lost customers or even unacceptable products and services. Such aspects lay down the foundation for change requirements in the organization. This is followed by putting together of a guiding team or a group of enthusiasts who would recognize the indispensability and value of the change. The third step requires creating a vision and a strategy which requires motivating people, giving them a direction and aligning their efforts and processes. Vision gives employees the depiction that each one involved carries and evokes on a regular basis to ensure that the course does not get deviated. The next step is to communicate the vision to all subjects concerned. It is crucial to spread the change message across the organization through repetitive activities through as many channels as possible. Empowering people is the next step in which barriers and obstacles to the change are removed in order to remove hindrances which discourage people to take up the change. Following this step is to create momentum for the change by consolidating the accomplishments and allowing and enabling further changes. The final step is to implant the new approach into the culture of the organization (Tcherpokov, 2006, p.1-2). The change process was initiated in British Airways on account of consistent financial losses over a period of time, shrinking of the cabin crew, diminishing profits, diminishing share of the market, technological changes and cultural changes. The aim of the change process was to enhance organizational efficiency, reduce costs through restructuring of the organizational structure and strategy. The company’s mission and idea for the change process was communicated across all levels of the organization on a repetitive basis so as to ensure its acceptance and absorption into the system. Moreover, as per the steps put forth by Kotter (1996), British Airways implemented the change process by empowering individuals in the organization to actively participate in the change. This was achieved through training of staffs in the desired direction such as to make them efficient not only to participate in the change but also develop the changed culture throughout the organizational hierarchy. The idea was to bring about the productivity and performance improvement through the people. Only after the idea for the change was inculcated into the organizational culture, it could be implemented successfully. When the changed processes, norm s, activities were completely ingrained into the culture of the organization the results were seen to be long lasting and a new culture was successfully developed in British Airways (Tcherpokov, 2006, p.2). Reference Tcherpokov, M. (2006). The Eight-stage Managing

Rogers & Hammerstein Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rogers & Hammerstein - Essay Example The collaboration between the composer and the writer was the beginning of a musical partnership "for over twenty years and wrote a number of successful musicals-even though Rodgers was a workaholic and Hart was an alcoholic."(Oklahoma, 2005 ). Hammerstein with his theater and opera inclined paternal family was a stage struck since childhood, which unsurprisingly led him to be a performer and a writer of amateur routines in his freshman. After a year at Columbia Law school he became famous librettist for operettas. Hammerstein had a successful career before beginning his partnership with Rodgers. (Gordon, 1990). With Jerome Kern, they collaborated in "most notably Show Boat (1927), and wrote the book and lyrics for Carmen Jones, the 1943 all-black version of Georges Bizet's opera Carmen" (Remarkable Columbians, 2004). Rogers was asked by the Theater Guild of New York City in 1940 to compose new musical. Asking Hart to once again work with him, to no avail due to Hart's deteriorating health. He then contacted Hammerstein to whom he already had an acquaintance in their undergraduate lives in Columbian College. This was the beginning of a wonderful and creative workmanship. Their first collaborative and radical work was in Oklahoma! which became the foundation of the 17-year partnership and "continued through ten other musicals, including one motion picture (State Fair, 1945) and one teleplay (Cinderella, 1957), Carousel (1945), South Pacific (1949), The King and I (1951) and The Sound of Music (1959). In all, the duo won 35 Tonys, 15 Oscars, two Grammys, two Pulitzers, and two Emmys." (Remarkable Columbians, 2004). The Oklahoma! set the stage of sweeping changes for American musical theater. The dynamic duo challenged the current styles of the musical theater. They have ingeniously integrated the elements of drama, music and dance as never before. During this time, musicals' attractions include songs which were usually irrelevant to the story and comedy arranged with little plot. This is how Oklahoma! defined its uniqueness ushering the birth of "a new genre, the musical play, representing a unique fusion of Rodgers' musical comedy and Hammerstein's operetta. A milestone in the development of the American musical, it also marked the beginning of the most successful partnership in Broadway" (Biographies, 2005). This pioneering masterpiece was experimental in its nature. It tried to set new guidelines of entertainment in its fullest. The play effectively intertwined funny musicals and serious types of music. The songs either enhanced the plot or direct the audience to understand the characters. T he plot and the music characterized the birth of the musical play. Such twist of interest was made through the fitting of the music to the pre-written words, the effect which is astounding. The music became a tool of emotion and storyline. Not yet done, the team made another hit in 1945 in Carousel with its more dramatic plot. For the second time, audience was arrested by further innovations on the arrangements of the musical play which was unbelievably pleasing entertainment. Among its unusualness, the play started with the whole cast performing a ballet as the orchestra plays, in place of the usual overture before the show begins enchanting the audiences and further redefining the art of the genre. Rodgers and Hammerstein apparently are not

The trade relations between China and the U.S Essay

The trade relations between China and the U.S - Essay Example (Morrison 4). Currently, China’s market for U.S products is estimated to be worth $300 billion judging from the exports from U.S to China and the total sales of U.S firms based in China (Morrison 8). As such, U.S-China trade ties have defied all the odds to remain strong with prospects of increase in trade despite the differences between the two trading partners. One aspect that makes trade between China and U.S interesting phenomena is the growing trade ties despite the complex relationships marked by major tensions. One of the major challenges that results in these tensions, in the trade is the difference in the market economies of the two countries, which though significant has been overlooked in the developing trade ties between the two countries. While U.S is a capitalist country that favors free economy policies, China has adamantly resisted the move to shift to a free economy market despite the growing pressure from the global markets (Morrison 26). As such, the country still imposes policies that lead to distortion of trade and investments. Some of the areas that have resulted in trade tensions include China’s poor policies in the management of intellectual property rights (Morrison 28). Others as Morrison explains are an increasing tendency where some Chinese firms are involved in cyber espionage against many U.S firms, a mov e that had threatened relations between the two countries. As such, the growing trade between the two countries has defied such tensions, which may suggest the two counties hold resources of strategic impotence in international trade, which overshadows the existing tensions. Government intervention in the Chinese market is another concept that affects the trade ties between the two countries, and impacts negatively on U.S. Some of the political factors include the reluctance of China to meet its obligations as set out by the World Trade Organization, use of market policies that force foreign firms to transfer technology

The Past, Present and Future of RFID Research Paper

The Past, Present and Future of RFID - Research Paper Example It is that need for an obscure, yet handy source of data information storage that led to the development and rising use of the Radio Frequency Identifier chips. With the use of the RFID, all necessary information has become just a tag scanner away. No more losing files or misfiling information. RFID is the wave of the future although it is currently mired in doubt and controversy due to privacy issues and the high cost of creating the chip. But as the RFID becomes a truly integral part of our daily lives, the cost and distrust of the technology is bound to go down. Through this research paper, evidence shall be presented showing that there is a growing use for the RFID technology and that the public as slowly learning to get over their apprehensions of the technology's use. As more and more industries come to use the RFID technology in non obtrusive ways, we will find the people more accepting of it and perhaps some people, won't even be aware that have it on their person. In the end , this research paper will show that the RFID technology is the future of our society. It shall play an integral part in our military, social, medical, and financial field. RFID technology cannot be ignored. It is here to stay. The Past, Present, and Future of RFID The history of the RFID system can be traced back to the early RADAR detection systems of World War II. the RADAR technology was first discovered by Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Wyatt in 1935. His technology was created in order to identify incoming planes but it could identify if the plane was friend or foe. It was during this time of war that the passive RFID system was first developed by Germans who reflected the radar signals back as their rolled their planes upon return to base in order to identify themselves as German instead of allied aircraft. (Roberti, The History of RFID Technology). This particular technology led the British to develop the Identify Friend or Foe (IFF) system which was a transmitter located insid e each British plane. The system would receive ground RADAR signals and then send back a signal identifying it as friend. That is the concept that the modern RFID is based upon with a slight difference. An RFID receives a transponder signal which is then interpreter by the chip and answers with either a signal (passive) system or it broadcasts a signal as an active system. (Roberti â€Å"History of RFID Technology†) The early scientists had already seen the possible real world applications of the radio frequency technology beyond wartime use. Which is why research in the RF communications system continued well into the 1960's with the United States, Europe, and Japan all collaborating on its possible remote uses in the field of object identification. Commercially, stores began tagging their items in an effort to curb shoplifting by using radio waves to determine the payment status of an item. This is done through the use of electronic surveillance tags that are either turned on or off. Upon payment of the item, the cashier turns the tag off and it can clear the detectors standing at the exit doors of the store. (Roberti â€Å"History of RFID Technology†) The first patent for the RFID tag with a rewritable memory was awarded to Mario W. Cardullo on January 23, 1973. Charles Walton also received a patent in the same year for his passive transponder invention that could be used to unlock a door without a key. (Roberti â€Å"

Business Structures Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Structures - Coursework Example General corporations exhibit unlimited life. They continue to exist upon the death of the shareholders. It is easier to transfer the ownership of a general corporation. Such transfer take place through sale of stock and does not affect the management of the business. As a business structure, general corporations have limitations. Relative to sole proprietorship, general corporations are expensive to start due to the large capital base required. The formation of general corporations entails more legal formality. They are also subject to many federal and state rules and regulations during their operations. Formation of S Corporation businesses depend on the decision of the owners to avoid income tax while at the same time keep enjoying the advantages associated with limited liability of corporations. In terms of advantages, the S corporations exhibit the same benefits as the general corporations. Distinction between the advantages of the two businesses structures sets in when it comes to tax issue (Jamison, 2009). S corporations enjoy exemption from double taxation that is mandatory for the general corporations. S Corporations escape from double taxation because reporting of incomes occurs once during the filing of personal tax returns of the shareholders. The liability of shareholders in S Corporation is limited. The major disadvantage of this type of business structure is the dominance in decision-making by the majority shareholder. At times, .the decision made may not be to the best interest of other shareholders. The shareholders in the S corporation must come from the United Stat es. Aliens do not have the right to run the business type. During formation of this business structure, certificate of incorporation is a requirement. A limited liability company combines limited liability features of corporations and limited taxation of sole proprietorship.

Elasticity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Elasticity - Research Paper Example Most of the strategies are designed to overcome the ‘elasticity’ factor. Availability of credit being the important element in the scheme, the seller’s ability to arrange finance for the consumers to buy their product plays an important role with the highly developed financial services sector to-day. Exchange rates and interest rates are the important considerations while buying on credit. The supply side constraints on account of events such as monsoon failure, industrial unrest and natural disasters and the regulation of supply through collusion under monopolistic conditions vitiate the market conditions. The pharmaceutical companies taking advantage of the protection given under patents fix the prices at exorbitant levels for their products, the demand for which are inelastic in nature. This paper seeks to analyze elasticity of demand from a comprehensive perspective. Key words: Elasticity, Demand, Price, Branding & Marketing. ELASTICITY OF DEMAND Price Elastic ity of Demand Law of demand states that other things being equal, the quantity demanded extends with a fall in price and contracts with a rise in price. (Mandal, 2007, p. 73) Under the dynamic market conditions, there are several factors which may influence the demand irrespective of change in price. Apart from the accepted exceptions such as prestige goods consumed by rich people which forms the basis for conspicuous consumption and speculative goods like shares where the demand will be more when the prices rise and demand for hoarding purposes due to scarcity or hyper inflation, technically the law of demand does not apply to necessaries of life where the demand is said to be inelastic. Robert Giffen discovery could be the real exception in this case. He found that poor people will demand more of inferior goods if their prices rise. They reduce their expenditure on superior goods to conserve their little income to spend more on inferior goods. The quantum of change is explained by elasticity of demand or rate of change. The ratio of a relative change in quantity to a relative change in price is called as elasticity. Mankiw states that economists compute the price elasticity of demand as the percentage change in the quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. That is, Percentage change in quantity demanded Price elasticity of demand = ----------------------------------------------------- Percentage change in price (2012, p.91) The concept of price elasticity of demand is the primary force behind the innovations that we have witnessed during the last few decades. For instance, rising cost of fuel has forced the car companies to manufacture fuel efficient cars. The rise in fuel cost has been compensated by the increased mileage provided by the cars. (Annexure I) Hughes, Knittel, & Sperling concluded in their study that â€Å"results suggest that technologies and policies for improving vehicle fuel economy may be increasingly important in reduc ing U.S. gasoline consumption." (2006)The same concept leads the car manufacturers to concentrate their attention on electric cars. The depleting natural resources and their increasing cost make the industrialists to concentrate on alternative renewable energy sources. The price elasticit

The Power of Truth Essay Example for Free

The Power of Truth Essay Novelist Tim O’Brian once said â€Å"A lie, sometimes, can be truer than the truth, which is why fiction gets written. † In his novel The Things They Carried, O’Brian argues that â€Å"story-truth is sometimes truer than happening-truth† (171). O’Brian opposes the idea of absolute truth, and believes that all truths are subject to change. He believes that a fictional story can be more true than an actual event. However, a story, no matter what story, cannot be more true than an actual event; a â€Å"story version† of an event is merely a shadow of that event—a make-up-caked, dramatized, Hollywood shadow. It is impossible for â€Å"story-truth† to be truer than â€Å"happening-truth. † In The Things They Carried O’Brian creates a daughter, Kathleen, for the fictional version of himself. O’Brian, however, does not have a daughter in real life. While it may be a â€Å"story-truth† that Tim O’Brian had a daughter, it will never be a â€Å"happening-truth. † A made-up daughter will never be more real than O’Brian’s actual son. In the novel, O’Brian â€Å"return[s] with [his] daughter to Vietnam† where he buries a belonging of a fellow soldier (173). This story can never be more true than an actual event solely because of the involvement of a fictional character. A man can tell a story about his last trip to the grocery store, and most people would count it as true. However, if the man told a story about going to the grocery store with a magic genie, it would be assumed that he is lying, even if every other facet of his story was believable. This is no different than O’Brian weaving a fictional character in to his novel. The â€Å"story-truth† of Kathleen can never be more true than â€Å"happening-truth. † Furthermore, in a crime investigation, it is illegal to interfere with evidence involved with a case. Any disruption or corruption of evidence is termed â€Å"falsifying evidence. † This is a serious offence because it could seriously disturb the process of solving a crime. Devoid of sound evidence, it is difficult to determine how a crime was committed. Evidence is an example of â€Å"happening-truth;† it conveys without any bias, exactly what happened at the scene of a crime, or at the events leading up to a crime. Investigators cannot solve a crime based solely off of â€Å"story-truth,† such as the testimonies of witnesses, because of the numerous individual accounts of a crime which are subject to dishonesty, human error, and prejudice. Therefore, investigators rely on â€Å"happening-truth† because it is trustworthy, whereas â€Å"story-truth† is inconsistent. Moreover, the popular film The Titanic is bursting with examples of â€Å"happening-truth† and â€Å"story-truth. † Director, James Cameron, designed many of these â€Å"story-truths† to provide an increased dramatic tone in the film. He created a grand staircase on the ship while in reality this staircase was so small passengers had to go up and down single file. A Pablo Picasso painting is featured in the film, although Picasso was not popular during the time of the Titanic, and his work was not widely distributed. The diamond necklace in the film, titled â€Å"The Heart of the Ocean,† never existed, much like the love story between invented passengers Rose Bukater and James Dawson. These creations served Cameron’s purpose to paint a theatrical telling of the event, but the movie was just that—theatrical. Although these â€Å"story-truths† indicate the sinking of the Titanic was a romantic event, it is the â€Å"happening-truths† that send chills through the viewers’ astonished bodies. The most powerful aspect of the film The Titanic is not the love story. It is not the grand staircase, or the luxurious dining room. It is not the interaction between characters, or the extravagant â€Å"Heart of the Ocean. † The most powerful aspect of The Titanic is that it actually happened. At the end of the film, there were 1,502 dead bodies sinking and in the freezing salt water of the Atlantic. No â€Å"story-truth,† no matter how elaborate, could create a greater tragedy than a â€Å"happening-truth. † Why not? Since â€Å"story-truths† are not as true as â€Å"happening-truths. † Therefore, the notion that a story could ring truer than an actual event is in the wrong. A lie cannot reveal a deeper truth; only truth can uncover truth. Stories provide an escape for the imagination. They allow the reader to imagine a different reality and to glimpse into an alternate world. However, stories are only stories. They are not real. The only way the reader can understand a true reality is to read a true account of that reality. Although this account may be less dramatic than the â€Å"story version† of the reality, it is in fact the reality. It is the truest truth; the â€Å"happening-truth. † Works Cited OBrien, Tim. The Things They Carried: A Work of Fiction. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1990. Print. Tim OBrien Quotes. Tim OBrien Quotes (Author of The Things They Carried). N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. . Titanic Facts vs. Titanic Fiction. HubPages. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. . The Titanic Gazette: R. M. S. TITANIC vs. Titanic Movie. The Titanic Gazette: R. M. S. TITANIC vs. Titanic Movie. N. p. , n. d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013.

Returning to School Essay Example for Free

Returning to School Essay Pregnant at seventeen and no foundation of stability, I dropped out of school to prepare to raise my child. I then began to struggle and had a hard time making ends meet, so at that time I got on track to seek help and guidance. I started the process to get enrolled in school but backed out due to finding out at nineteen I was expecting my second child. I finally went back to school and got my GED and graduated my program in summer of 2010. I walked across the stage to receive my diploma carrying my son Joziah Jah’Von (5 months) and holding my daughter Ajiona Amory’s hand (2 years). I was very proud and felt extremely accomplished. The importance returning to school will have on my life is that I will be able to provide a stable life for my children, become successful and self-fulfilled through a career in business, and rise above the negative expectations some people have of me. Being a young mother of two children, I had a rough time finding childcare and being comfortable with strangers caring for my babies. I tried to find work but wasn’t able to find flexible hours. I was at a hard spot in my life. I didn’t know what step to make. I enrolled in cosmetology school and did the best at my classwork and tests but my attendance was poor due to unreliable sitters. I ended up withdrawing from the program to be a mother to my children. Two years later I am now a mother to three intelligent, beautiful, amazing children. I want nothing but the best for them so I’ve decided to make the best move to better our futures and got back on the wagon and got my head back in the books. Returning to school is the best decision I could’ve made for my family. We now have a chance at success and stability. Not having much stability present in my childhood is why I want more for my children. Growing up in a broken home, constantly moving, my mother struggling to make ends meet, and not having happy memories; was miserable. As a child, I always promised myself I’d do whatever it took to make sure my children never had to experience what I did. But I feel I failed my babies, because it has taken me so long to get on track and we have been in a struggle. I am upset that I allowed them to experience not having stability in their lives. But things will now be different. Ajiona Amory, Joziah Jah’Von and Marcella Pamela are my life, my reason for living, my everything and I will give them the best of the best. I am dedicated and devoted to my family; I’ll do whatever it takes to make sure they have the greatest lives I can possibly give them. I want my daughters and my son to be happy and have what they need. I never want to see them wanting or needing anything. My children and I have struggled enough throughout the years, it’s our time to rise above and live the lives we deserve. School will help me to do so and I want stop until they have it all. Education is one of the keys that will open many doors for us. By furthering my education it will help me to get a good job so that I won’t struggle to make ends meet and it will help to keep stability in our lives. With the struggles and lack stability I now am ready to be successful and do what needs to be done for my family. I, Angelique, have always wanted and dreamt of being the successful business type. I’ve always wanted to wear the fancy suits and the sexy heels, while carrying a leather brief case. It’s something I just never stopped wanting, no matter what other careers came my way. Desiring to be successful and have power, respect and money; I knew a good career was the only way. There is no room for trial and error. I got 100 percent devotion and motivation to fulfill my dream get the job I’ve always wanted and I deserve to have. Nothing will stand in my way; I’m on the rise to the top. Majoring in business and management is the start to our new life, new beginnings, new ways and new accomplishments. Finally with striving to have a good professional career and stability, I am ready to prove everyone wrong. I have always had family, friends, and others downing and doubting me, telling me I’ll never amount to nothing nor be a somebody. Not having the support and extra push from the ones that you think love and care for you really take a toll on you in every aspect of life and emotion. But dwelling will hold you back. Yes I have failed myself by not following through with things I have started but I had my reasoning-‘s. I taught myself to take the positive and negative criticism and shift what you can use out and just toss the unnecessary shit aside and keep moving forward. If you sit and ponder on why no wants to see you succeed and why they strive to see you fail, it will eat you alive and stop you from doing what it is that you want to do. It will disable you to be motivated and crush your dreams and dedication. Never let someone reserve space in your mind to the point it stops your life. If they hate they hate. Stand up, smile and strive for the top and don’t stop until you’ve reached it. Prove that you can be who you want to be and that they can’t stop your shine. I as a single mother will keep moving forward and never again let a negative empower me and my life. Indeed, while I have made mistakes, and they pierced my will power to stay motivated these failures also made me work harder to succeed. Being a young mother is very hard and has its ups and downs. But just because I now have major responsibilities on my hands doesn’t mean I won’t be able to travel smooth roads throughout life. I will cross the bumps and dips in life but its normal; everyone goes through it here and there. It now has showed me that it’s okay to fall off the horse a few times but it is most important for me to get up and keep trying until I get it right and succeed. Returning to school was the best choice I could make for not only myself but for my children. Wanting nothing but the best for my family I decided to make the best move to better our futures and got up, got back on the wagon and got my head back in the books. Now having a chance at success and stability, we are happy and anxiously waiting to rise above the negative and evil.

Learning Is A Continuous Process Education Essay

Learning Is A Continuous Process Education Essay It is said that Ignorance is Bliss. If that be the case, one may wonder why people seek knowledge. This is because Knowledge is Power. That is why everyone is in pursuit of knowledge. Acquiring / up gradation of knowledge is known as learning. Learning is a continuous cyclic process. It starts from what one knows. It goes towards what one wants to know. The cycle is as shown below [1] In the process of learning, one picks up from what others know and some times one learns from ones own experience. Many times the success in life comes through learning new skills, knowledge, capabilities and attitudes. If we narrow our concern to the success of learning process in educational institutions, the success cannot be measured as a simple parameter. The success may be seen immediately or it may be felt at a later date. Success may be felt by an individual or it may be felt by the society. In many societies, education is seen as cost center and not as profit center. Governments in the world spend huge sums of money to educate their population. Generally these investments are made currently with an eye on future generations of the society. All along lifetime of mankind, education and continuous up- gradation of knowledge have been contributing to development of society. In a broad sense the following parameters can form the basis of measuring the success of learning: Knowledge gained Skills up-gradation Decision making capability Attitudinal change Ability to shoulder responsibility Problem solving capability Judgmental capability II LEARNING PROCESS Many principles are used to accelerate learning process [2]. Learning style depends on students preferences, students information processing capability, personality, social interaction tendencies, cultural diversity in the learning place and instructional methods. It may be difficult to model learning process precisely. There is a lot of disagreement between the educators and psychologists in the understanding of learning process. However, they agree that learning can be explained by the combination of two approaches namely, behaviorism and cognitive theory. Some of the principles that affect learning are readiness, exercise, effect, primacy, intensity, recency and perception. The factors that affect perception are physical organism, basic need, goals and values, self concept, time and opportunity and element of threat. There are four levels of learning namely, Rote learning, understanding, application and correlation. Higher levels of learning take place in cognitive domain, affecti ve domain and psychomotor domain. However, any knowledge / skill learnt are liable to be forgotten if not used regularly. There are methods for retention of what is learnt. The methods are praise, recall by association, favorable attitudes, meaningful repetition and leaning with all senses. Learning or acquiring of knowledge, skill etc are aimed at enhancing a persons decision making capability, problem solving ability, judgmental capabilities, ability to shoulder responsibilities and above all confidence of that person. Since learning is an important aspect of students lives, it becomes all the more important for us (teachers) to concentrate on different learning processes and various teaching methods that can bring about the required change in the students for maximum benefits. From the understanding of learning process, we understand that teaching involves transfer of knowledge, belief, skill, understanding, experience, values and preferences from the teacher to the taught. While undertaking any teaching assignment, the teacher is interested in knowing he sure methods of success in achieving the required goal of transfer of knowledge etc. There is no specific fool-proof method for available for the same. The success depends on the subject taught and methods employed. If one method has failed, the teacher must find another that can facilitate transfer of maximum information. In short, teaching is not considered to be a science and it is recognized as an Art. III PEDAGOGIES Different pedagogies are used for teaching different subjects. The well known, time tested standard and traditional pedagogies are chalk and talk, demonstration, tutorials, experiments and questions. But it has been found that these pedagogies fall short of expectations. So, there have been efforts to identify more effective novel strategies for teaching. We shall discuss some of the novel pedagogies and some of e-learning methods. Recent pedagogies include Role play, learn while you play, Learn through games, promoting Lateral thinking, Discovery learning, Cooperative learning, Case studies and Peer teaching. More recent methods are e-learning and m-learning pedagogies. We shall discuss each of these in detail. 3.1 Role Play Role play as a pedagogy has been in use for some time now [3]. It has been recognized as an effective learning tool especially for development of attitudinal skills. It exposes the participants to different views / perspectives for the same situation. All the participants may have gone through the theory of situations and how to react to such situations. However, in practice, one may find himself / herself wanting. Role play lets the participants go through the experience and to understand what different people may think / do at the same situation. In a role play a scenario is explained through a brief given to set of players. Each player may have been given different responsibilities and with different goals / objectives. There may be roles with conflicting interests as in the real life scenario. As the players play out the scenario, the possible obstacles in any ones plan are unfolded. Each one learns about the others ideas and each player gains more insight in to real life situati on. The result is the rich experience gained by all. 3.2 Learn while you play This pedagogy is use in use since kindergarten scheme of education is in vogue. This pedagogy is used mainly to help children get out of their homesickness in to a system of education. The system is use from 19 Century [4]. The pedagogy is useful in making even the reluctant child to join his / her friends in learning the basics of language / numbers. It has been found to be very effective across large societies. One of the reasons for this pedagogy to be successful is that it makes learning an interesting activity. It can possibly be beneficial if the same pedagogy is extended o higher learning also, specifically for learning skills. 3.3 Learn through games This pedagogy is very much useful for learning management skills. This is practiced in many International Schools of management [5,6]. It was started in 1958. It seeks to initiate reactions (management decisions) from students in a simulated environment. The game(s) can be played by a group of students across the table or it can be played over the Internet. Assisted learning is possible with the teacher providing necessary inputs so the student makes correct decisions. A good example is TOC V6 that can be played over the Internet [7]. The game lets the students to create a company, operate railway lines, plan routes and tariffs, plan advertisement and management strategies based on simulated results. In this game, the player is expected to make management decisions in the spheres of personnel, business planning, marketing and financial management. 3.4 Lateral Thinking The term Lateral Thinking was invented in the year 1967 by Edward De Bono [8]. It lets the students to think out of the box. The practice has been found to be useful in many situations. The website by the author is very useful in understanding the full capabilities of the practice of lateral thinking. In any situation, one can find the way out by simply thinking differently. As an approach, it is beneficial for all students to be encouraged in the art of lateral thinking as they are likely to face different problems than the ones for which they are prepared now. Good example of lateral thinking is the game of crossword. It tries to find an answer to a seemingly difficult statement. 3.5 Discovery Learning It is a good tool to let the students learn new concepts simply by discovering them. It is originally proposed by Jerome Bruner [9]. Discovery Learning is a method of inquiry-based instruction, discovery learning believes that it is best for learners to discover facts and relationships for themselves. This pedagogy allows knowledge to be constructed by the students themselves. In this method, the learner discovers the facts from their past experience and existing knowledge [10]. David Kolb has suggested an experimental learning model in 1984 [11] as shown below. Seymour Papert, a Professor from MIT has said You cant teach people everything they need to know. The best you can do is position them where they can find what they need to know when they need to know it [12]. Learning orientations are found to happen in four different domains, namely, Behavior, cognitive, humanist and social domains. Out of these, cognition and recognition are mental processes that get sharpened by learning. Cognition is a complicated process that extends beyond what one sees or hears or smells. It provides understanding and association. For example, when we hear background music, we are able to identify the song and also any event / memory associated with it. 3.6 Case studies In this pedagogy, a single person or a group of persons study a situation or case in the real world. That is, they study a real time problem. It is expected that the person or group is involved in extensive research about the problem. Case studies are very helpful in the fields of Business or medicine. Case studies are useful in bringing out the correlations between events. Many times, case studies are also useful in suggesting suitable ways out of any situation. It helps the participants to weigh the pros and cons of different approaches towards the solution to any problem on hand. The benefits of this pedagogy and the approaches are many [13]. Free samples of case studies are also available [14, 15, 16, 17, and 18]. 3.7 Peer Teaching This has been found to be very effective in teaching students with mixed capabilities. This strategy exploits the advent of ICT (Information Communication Technology) in the field of education. In an UNESCO study conducted at Malaysia, it has been found that this pedagogy is very helpful for students in learning [19]. This strategy has been identified as hands On, Heads On, Hearts On strategy. There are many benefits of this strategy as this makes it possible for the learning to continue beyond the classroom and the examinations. It encourages collaboration among the students. But it must be borne in mind that a good student may not always be a good teacher. Main reason for this strategy to be effective is that we tend to remember [20]: 10% of what we hear 15% of what we see 20% of what we hear and see 60% of what we do 80% of what is done actively with reflection; 90% of what we teach others IV RECENT TRENDS Recent pedagogies are e-learning and m-learning using more of ICT. These strategies are more suited for teaching knowledge or concepts. However, for teaching skills, ones personal experience is the best teacher. For example, one cannot learn to swim from any amount of conceptual teaching from any one. One can learn swimming simply by jumping in to a water body and picking up the nuances of swimming. An analysis of e-learning initiatives of Colleges of Technology shows that majority of the staff members here use prepared study material and starting and maintaining discussion forum in websites. Some of the staff also uses power point presentations for transferring knowledge. However, there are some more e-learning pedagogies that can be made use of. We shall discuss them in detail. 4.1 Animation Animation uses the language of pictures. It is easy to convey a concept through an image than through verbose statements. Image captures the attention of viewers better than the ability of a lecturer to capture the attention of the listener. There are many 2D or 3D animation pictures available for teaching different subjects. It is possible to make the students understand certain time-related concepts better with animation than by regular classroom lecture. Many organizations are involved in development of animation pictures for teaching different subjects. 4.2 Simulation Software Many times, especially in design, it may not be possible to build a particular product and then test it. It may be costly and there may be other problems. So, it becomes advantageous if we can simulate a design and test the same in simulation. More over, a product / design that may give certain results under certain conditions, may give varied results under different conditions. While it may be possible to calculate / extrapolate the current situation, simulation helps the person to find the result without having to create the conditions physically. There are soft wares available for simulating various parameters and finding the results. The student can test his / her design under different conditions. Many simulation packages are available for teaching different subjects. 4.3 Video Lectures This is another method where the student is made to listen to the lectures by an eminent person in a field. The lectures by a reputed person are recorded and are available as video lectures. There are many such lectures available in the Internet [21]. The well known lecture series from Professors of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) or Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are available for free down load on any technical subject. These lectures are expected to offer to the student the much needed variety of view on the subject. It must be understood such lectures, though available, are not suited for developing practical skills. 4.4 Audio- visual (AV) lectures These are slightly different from the video lectures. These are useful with additional voice-over. That is, there are practical demonstrations with supporting voice -over instructions. The additional instructions are very helpful in enhancing the understanding of the subject. There are many available, mainly for learning different languages. However, there are a series of AV volumes available for Physical Exercises by Jane Fonda. 4.5 Screen casting and POD casting Some times screencasting helps easy understanding of some subjects [22]. A screen cast is the capture of the computer screen along with accompanying audio (of the teacher) and distributed. It can be viewed through the LAN in screen cast or it can be distributed through mobile network in POD cast. It can be considered to be representation of computer screen over a period of time. It captures changes in the screen for each action. The student, even if he / she has not been attentive in the class to appreciate all the minute points can learn them leisurely at home at a later time. 4.6 Virtual Learning Virtual Reality is the latest technique. It allows the user to experience a simulated Virtual environment in the computer. It calls for use of many gadgets associated with imaginary environments. It helps the student to gain the experience of any situation without having to go through the rigmarole of creating the environment. This is driven by stringent computing power requirements. V CONCLUSION We have considered many pedagogies that can be used in your classroom. After studying all these options, one may wonder if the pedagogy used by that person is the best one. However, it must be borne in mind that a particular pedagogy may be well suited for teaching a particular subject. The same pedagogy may not suit well for teaching other subject. The suitability of the pedagogy is dependent on the following parameters: The subject taught Students capability to understand Students interest to learn Nuances involved in learning that subject The learning environment Compulsion / incentives in learning that subject Language proficiency of teacher and taught We have considered different pedagogies and their relative merits. Only after practice of each of them one can come to a conclusion if it is well suited for any subject. VI References http://www.in-corporate.eu/images/diagrams/learning-process.gif http://www.dynamicflight.com/ Blanter A Blanter , Allee (1997) Applications in Education In the Art of play : Helping Adults reclaim imagination and spontaneity Philadelphia: Bruner/Mazel Taylor Francis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindergarten sbaweb.wayne.edu/~absel/bkl/vol17/17ck.pdf http://www.cmu.edu/corporate/news/2007/features/mgmt%20game.shtml Carnegie Mellon University http://tocgame.sr1.fi/ www.edwdebono.com/debono/lateral.htm Bruner, J.S. (1967). On knowing: Essays for the left hand. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. www.learning-theories.com/discovery-learning-bruner.html Kolb DA 1984. Experiential learning: experience as the source of learning and development. Prentice-Hall. http://www.papert.org/ http://www.studygs.net/casestudy.htm www.Caseplace.org www.intel.com/business/casestudies/all/index.html http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/company_list.php http://www.schroeder-inc.com/casestudy.html http://ucs.ist.psu.edu/default.asp Tan Tee Hwa, Student Peer Teaching Strategy, Malaysia, UNESCO, Bangkok (2009) ISBN 978-92-9223-251-1 (Print version), ISBN 978-92-9223-252-8 (Electronic version) http://ceupromed.ucol.mx/sptss/introduction.htm www.youtube.com www.educause.edu/eli

A TV Show that is Appropiate for a Younger Audience :: Free Essay Writer

A TV Show that is Appropiate for a Younger Audience Wishbone: A Little Dog with a Big Imagination â€Å"Printed Paws of Thieves" With his uncanny knowledge of famous authors, a little dog-named Wishbone is one very smart canine. The Wishbone television series has been created to introduce children to classic literature and encourage a love for reading books. The half-hour, live-action series, designed primarily for elementary school children between the ages of 6 and 12, represents an entirely new concept in educational programming. As children watch Wishbone the dog’s adventure in the world of literature, they will come away with their first taste of classic literature as well as a desire to learn more. The series stars Wishbone the dog, â€Å"a little dog with a big imagination,† who serves as a canine bridge between life and literature. Portrayed in the series by a real Jack Russell terrier, Wishbone the dog represents an articulate, clever and funny character, whose every thought, is heard by the audience. Each episode presents a different literary classic, introduced through Wishbone the dog’s active imagination and fantasies. For example in the episode â€Å"Printed Paws of Thieves† which presents the story of Robin Hood, Joe Talbot the 12-year old owner of Wishbone almost gets suspended when he helps the school lunch lady donate leftover food to a local shelter. Meanwhile, Wishbone as Robin Hood risks arrest when he robs from the rich to give to the poor. In this episode, Wishbone is wearing the typical outfit we think of Robin Hood wearing a Brown leather two-piece outfit carrying a bow and arrow and a feathered cap. Wishbone portrays the character, Robin Hood as if how we would perceive him in the classic literature story. Throughout this episode Wishbone and the other characters, Joe Talbot, David (Joe’s best friend), and Samantha (a neighborhood friend of Joe’s and David’s), reinforce the primary literary themes explored in â€Å"Robin Hood.à ¢â‚¬  Wishbone the dog represents the imaginative, playful child inside all of us. Through his wild adventures and heroic stunts, children will be introduced to some of the greatest literary works of literature. This PBS series provides a challenge for children to read, by providing signature scenes, the basic characters, and themes from classic literature without presenting the entire story so children will want to learn more about the story. It provides a foundation for the children to apply what they already know about the story from the Wishbone series to the actual classic literary form of the story so they will comprehend the story better.

Deviance in Society :: essays research papers

Part one of Sutherland and Cressey’s differential association theory explains that criminal behavior is learned. Applying this to Nate and Sam involves explicating their childhood and how they were raised. From a young age both Nate and Sam were conditioned by their father, Big Willie to be aggressive, and that in life you have to take what you want (take home outline). Nate and Sam’s father unknowingly conditioned them in a harsh way that made them susceptible to becoming date rapists. As a result of their aggressive upbringing Nate and Sam must succeed in their group of guy friends, the â€Å"Mac Daddies,† at any cost. Part three of the differential association theory states, the principal part of the learning of criminal behavior occurs within intimate personal groups. Nate and Sam’s criminal behavior was learned in the home. Their father’s philosophy in life of you have to take what you want in life contributed to his children’s deviant identities. Nate and Sam act how they were taught. The motto of the â€Å"Mac Daddies,† â€Å"no rules, just sex,† also influences the boy’s behavior. This motto is significant in how Nate and Sam deal with women. They are going to take what they want using an aggressive style of behavior, because that is what they were taught. Part four of the differential association theory states, when criminal behavior is learned, the learned includes (a) techniques of committing the crime, which are sometimes very complicated, sometimes very simple; (b) the specific direction of motive, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes. Nate and Sam learned to be aggressive and take what you want in life from their father. In order to stay in competition for â€Å"Mac Master† they had to use these techniques. Their competitive background resulted in them becoming date rapists to increase their point totals in their sexual competition. A person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of law. Since the boy’s were raised in an environment that taught aggressive behavior without limits as to what one can achieve, the boys, used this behavior in a negative way and became date rapists. The manner in which the boys were raised was negat ive; therefore, criminal behavior was enforced as opposed to neutral or positive behavior. Part six of the differential association theory states, differential associations may vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity. In

JFK Interview Essay -- essays research papers

The JFK Assassination   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This interview was conducted with my friend’s father on the assassination of JFK, and the impact it had on life in America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Q: How old were you when JFK was assassinated?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A: I was only 15 at the time, but I can vividly recall it   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Q: What was your very first reaction?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A: Well, I was shocked I really couldn’t believe it. I mean, you hear about the Lincoln’s assassination but it never seemed real. Now JFK was assassinated and it seemed like it could never happen, it was just like a dream.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Q: How did your parents react?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A: They seemed more upset than sad. They couldn’t believe that this could happen, they were upset that such a man as JFK could be dead, just like that. He did so much to change the way people think, act, and feel in this country and he’d never be back.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Q: What was the general mood?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A: At the time we lived in a very tight neighborhood in Pittsburgh. Around that neighborhood you could see things change. Morale was lower than I could ever remember, everybody was sad.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Q: Did they play the video back on TV?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A: I don’t ever really remember seeing it replayed over and over on TV, they really didn...

P&G analysis Essay

Euromonitor International’s report on Procter & Gamble Co, The delivers a detailed strategic analysis of the company’s business, examining its performance in the Beauty and Personal Care market and the global economy. Company and market share data provide a detailed look at the financial position of Procter & Gamble Co, The, while in-depth qualitative analysis will help you understand the brand strategy and growth prospects of Procter & Gamble Co, The. This report examines: Company share by region and sector Brand portfolio New product developments Marketing and distribution strategies A detailed SWOT analysis of Procter & Gamble Co, The provides strategic intelligence on: Strengths and weaknesses Category and country opportunities for growth Challenges and threats from current competition and future prospects Global and regional market positions Research You Can Trust: Euromonitor International’s company profile reports are written by our Beauty and Personal Care research team, a dedicated group of analysts that knows the industry inside and out. Buy this report to inform your planning, strategy, marketing, sales and competitor intelligence functions. Growth opportunities in combining shaving and skin care products P&G oral care dynamic but Colgate drives product development High brand loyalty but losing oral care share in emerging markets Opportunities exist for P&G in premium fragrances P&G stresses Cover Girl’s American essence Brand Strategy Gillette brand enjoys broad geographic reach Procter & Gamble aims for more premium image for Pantene Procter & Gamble looks to cross-category branding for Olay Operations P&G emerging market manufacturing sites by country 2012 Recommendations Beauty portfolio in need of greater segmentation

Night Analogies Essay

This book invoked a grass of empathic and sympathetic emotions in my senses. I loved the symbolism, imagery, and all(prenominal)egory of this text, although twingeful, it portrayed the breeding of Jews and their torture. iniquity is apply throughout the book to symbolize terminal, darkness of the nous, and loss of cartel. As an image, it comes up repeatedly. Even when the scene is echtly set during the day, shadow may be invoked. Consider all the terrible things that pass on at darkness Mrs. Schachter has her visions of blaze, hell, and death (Wiesel 24-27)Elie and his convey arrive at Auschwitz and see the smokestacks and have a bun in the oven in line all night long with the smell of death in their noses there is the night the soup tastes corresponding corpses(67) they march through long nights and, juicy on top of each other, jumbal each other to death in the night Elies father dies during the night (110-112).As Elie says himself, The days were like nights, and the nights leftover the dregs of their darkness in our souls (100). Night is thus a metaphor for the counseling the soul was submerged in twinge and hopelessness. It represented the endless torture and death of these HUMAN.I empathize the word humans because if one(a) reads this book, you would think the Jews were in human. All the pain and misery leads one to believe that Jews were non even worthy enough to be called a human, only the question that arises all the time for me is.WOULD A DOG BE TREATED IN SUCH A MANNER?The fact that fire and flames were utilize to symbolize death was quite distressful at times throughout the scenes of this book. In Chapter two, as the train full of Jews from Sighet approaches Auschwitz, Mrs. Schachter has a vision of fire and flames. (24-27) She screeches about the fire through the long night and so again the following night. When they at run low arrive at Auschwitz, the inhabitants of the car scan what she was talking about the cremator ia, where bodies of prisoners are burned.My soul had been invaded and devouredby a black flame. recruit is an ever-present threat of death the conniption and the smell of the crematoria permeate all aspects of action in the concentration camps, reminding the prisoners of their closeness to death. It was neer a moment that peace tarry ed with them turn in the frontier of the German empire.Lastly the image of corpses is used not still to describe literal death, butalso to symbolize apparitional death. After liberation, when Elie looks at himself for the first time in many months, since the Ghetto, he sees a corpse in the mirror. (115) The look in his eyes as he stares at himself never leaves him. It speaks of the horror he has undergo and seen, which stole his childhood innocence and his faith in Gods leniency and justice. This was the hard pill to swallow. Not only does he feel and look dead, but he is far from dead. There comes a time when you have been beaten and town d own so much and so long to the point that you actually make up dead. This scene illustrates the dying of humanistic characteristics while still keep, (THE WALKING/LIVING suddenly) Who could ever be okay with living like this

Child and adolescent health Essay

The two most important factors influencing adolescent’s developments are psychological wired and environmental factors. As they grow, they are influenced by environmental factors such as religion, culture, Schools and religion. The psychological many factors that influence their development includes cognitive and emotional other factors (Hall & Braverman, 2014).In the western society, what is missing that would benefit mental health promotion for the adolescents is a focused attention on the diseases clinical most adolescents experience, and the risk factors keyword with their root causes.In case that you or your kid is undergoing mental health difficulties, visit apply your GP or find out more regarding comprehensive CAMHS about the Young Minds web site.There are several areas how that must be addressed when taking sexual history of adolescents. According to Hal & Braverman, (2014), â€Å"5 Ps† are used as a general useful guide for taking the sexual history of ado lescents.Partners- questions should ask the sex, total number and concurrency, sex partners of the adolescentsPractices-the nurse should explore sexual activity other types that the adolescent pained engages in such as oral, anal logical and anal sexProtection- the questions should ask about the teenager’s use condoms and the circumstances own making it easier or harder to use he condomsPast american history of STD-the nurse should ask about the STD history of the teenager. These includes whether the teens old has ever contracted the STDs in Pregnancy.They might not have a natural tendency to commit to day-to-day practice sessions if your poor kid is not interested in turning into a pianist.

Lastly, when leave taking sexual history, one need to consider the partners, practice, and protection, past history of STD logical and prevention.ReferencesHall, C., & Braverman, P. K.Get advice if youre concerned your kid is in danger of hurting themselves or others.(2014). Hot topics in early adolescent health.Merrick, J. (2014).While the approach of the team is they operate in tandem.

adoptive Parents and guardians play a massive role in how our therapy.Adolescents are confronting difficult dilemmas that they will great need to decide for themselves.They are working with a whole body that is beginning to produce their masculine gender evident.Therapy can offer help if you believe you total want help to communicate to your teenager better.

Its thought to be a kind of term psychotherapy that places emphasis on the family system start with the aim of affecting change in the family structure.Behavior therapy is comparable.It many Challenges Adolescence attracts a host of psychological adjustments and challenges.Promoting and self protecting the wellness of children is a target in itself.

Answer to Chapter 1 Introduction to Derivatives & Risk Management, Chance, Brooks.

CHAPTER 1 entree END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS 1. (Market competency and metaphysical beauteous Value) An scotchal foodstuff is i in which cherishs ruminate the straight economic value of the subject mat lineations concern in that locationin. In expeditious grocery storeplaceplaces, no unmatched idler split fades that atomic issuing 18 to a non bad(p)er bound than commensur adequate to(p) with the take of pretend. economical markets ar characterized by downhearted traffic be and by the rapid evaluate at which new schooling is bodied into bes. 2. ( business and the jurisprudence of unmatched expense) trade is a fictional character of enthr mavenment exertion that come upks to affix when equal unspoileds argon pay upd distinguishablely. acquire an detail at unmatchable charge and at a meter sort it at a nonher(prenominal) is a typecast of merchandise. Beca single-valued function of the amaze acti vities of arbitrageurs, undistinguishable safes, chief(prenominal)ly pecuniary summations, send tidings non lead astray for contrasting legal injurys for long. This is the police force of 1 wrong. merchandise helps retain our markets efficient by suss out that damages be in teleph angiotensin-converting enzyme circuit with what they be speculate to be. In short, we fucking buoy non contri preciselye tumesce-nighthing for nonhing. A property involving deuce monovular keens or portfolios that atomic number 18 non worthd equivalently would be employ by arbitrageurs until their harms were equal.The cardinal price that an plus moldiness be is adjureed the theoretical lovely value. 3. (Arbitrage and the rectitudefulness of angiotensin-converting enzyme Price) The law of wiz price is go against if the corresponding good is marketing at different prices. On the get on it whitethorn step off as if that is the suit however, it is fu ndamental to explore beneath the rebel to locate if the goods ar equal. articulation of the live of the good is devisal and node serving. few do inrs top executive be voluntary to indemnify to a greater extent than than because the principal sum is set(p) in a to a greater extent than coveted segment of town.Also, the amply-pitched priced corpus whitethorn wear a disclose constitution for service and client satisfaction. Buyers may be volition to settle to a greater extent if they purport that the tri only ife they throw helps assure them that they be acquire a honest make do. It is grievous to check off that many(prenominal) goods ar thus similar and, if so, they should take at the same price, alone the justness of ane Price is non go against if the price differential gear accounts for some economic value. 4. (The w arho victimisation Mechanism) computer memory is solely retentiveness the plus. round assets, kindred commo dities, strike appreciable retention quadruplet and necessitate signifi brush asidet transshipment center tolls. Others, want var.s and bonds, do not consume much(prenominal) seat b bely, as we sh completely in all put by afterward, do start out costs. fund enables us to much than adequately bump into our employment postulate and, thus, tins for a much efficient adjustment of our manipulation patterns cross focal points time. For example, we can stock certificatehouse grains for the winter. In the cheek of stocks and bonds, we can store them and betray them ulterior. The military issue from the cut-rate sale of the securities can be used to pertain exercise postulate at the afterward on time.Likewise, remembering enables speculators to conduct goods and securities in the hope of attracter them later at a ne iirk. In addition, storage plays an distinguished persona in delimit the alliance among be intimate instruments and differen tial coefficients. 5. (Deli real and Settlement) In rising days markets, livery seldom occurs. Since trend of speaking is end little(prenominal)ly possible, however, an expiring futures exact give be priced standardized the speck instrument. The association that futures prices go out at last converge to authority prices is master(prenominal) to the determine of futures buzz offs. 6. The exercise of differential gear Markets) derived markets try a heart of adjusting the hazard of dishonor market enthronizations to a to a greater extent unexceptionable direct and identifying the consensus market beliefs. They off commerce easier and less(prenominal) high-priced and descry markets much efficient. These markets excessively support a core of speculating. 7. (Criticisms of deriveds Markets) On the surface, it may be strong to distinguish guess from gambling. twain entail high adventure with the antepast of high gain. The major(ip) fight that make s dead reckoning fairly more socially grateful is that it offers benefits to parliamentary law not conveyed by gambling.For example, speculators argon contended to pay the gamble not treasured by opposites. In gambling, there is no put on the line be hedgerowd. Gamblers plainly simulate jeopardize without there cosmosness a appendage drop-off in someone elses risk. 8. (Misuses of Derivatives) Derivatives can be utilize by speculating when one should be hedging, by not having acquired the undeniable acquaintance to use them decently by playing irresponsibly when using differential gear instruments much(prenominal) as by organism to a fault overconfident of ones susceptibility to point the attention of the market. 9. The economic consumption of Derivative Markets) The introductionly concern of differential markets in the join States miserliness and indeed throughout al to the highest degree novel countries of the adult male doubtlessly leads to a much high gradation of market efficiency. Derivatives further the activities of mortal arbitrageurs so that uneven prices of identical goods atomic number 18 arbitraged until they ar equal. Because of the grand number of arbitrageurs, this is a quick and efficient process. Arbitrage on this openhanded a plateful makes markets less adequate to(p) of being manipulated, less dear(p) to trade in, and therefrom more glossy to investors. The luck to hedge overly makes the markets more attractive(a) to investors in managing risk. ) This is not to word that an deliverance without differential gear markets would be inefficient, only when it would not have the value of this arbitrage on a grown scale. It is great to tear down that the derivative markets do not inevitably make the U. S. or world parsimony each large or richesier. The memberary wealth, pass judgment drive offs, and risks of the prudence would be most the same without these markets.Deriva tives alone get to pull down cost opportunities for investors to consecrate their risks at more suitable levels. This may not ineluctably make them wealthier, but to the extent that it makes them more well-to-do with their positions, it serves a expensive purpose. 10. ( collapse and Risk) Return is the numerical bankers bill of enthronization surgical process. thither argon twain main measures of fleet, clam hang and fate light. clam issuance measures investing exertion as nitty-gritty sawbuck take in or loss.For example, the long horse depict for stocks is the buck profit from the transmute in stock price confident(p) whatsoever silver dividends paid. It represents the inviolate feat. piece return measures investment cognitive operation per dollar invested. It represents the theatrical role increase in the investors wealth that results from qualification the investment. In the slip-up of stocks, the return is the section change in price irr efutable the dividend yield. The innovation of return excessively applies to excerptions, but, as we shall see later, the comment of the return on a futures or frontward turn off is pretty unclear. 1. (Re get Agreements) A salvation pact (known as repos) is a legal stimulate surrounded by a vender and a emptor, the vender agrees to shell out a specify asset to the vendee presently as well as cloud it vertebral column normally at a stipulate time in the future at an agree future price. The vendor is effectively fol disordered capital from the obtainr at an implied elicit rate. Typically, repos choose junior-grade risk securities, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as U. S. treasury bills. Repos are expedient because they provide a great deal of flexibleness to some(prenominal) the espouseer and fetcher.Derivatives traders very much need to be able to borrow and lend coin in the most cost-efficient manner possible. Repos are lotstimes a very econom ic crisis cost centering of acceptation money, in particular if the truehearted holds governing securities. Repos are a carriage to recognise involvement on short-term specie with minimum risk (for emptors) and repos are a way to borrow for short-term needs at a comparatively low cost (for traffickers). 12. (Derivative Markets and Instruments) An election is a drive betwixt ii partiesa depraveer and a venderthat gives the purchaser the right, but not the financial obligation, to purchase or get by something at a later battle at a price concord upon today.The excerption dealer pays the rater a sum of money called the price or premium. The preference vender stands situate to lot or buy fit to the study hurt if and when the buyer so desires. An survival of the fittest to buy something is referred to as a call an extract to share something is called a put. A in front agreement is a wad amongst two partiesa buyer and a sellerto purchase or sell s omething at a later date at a price agree upon today.A ahead amaze sounds a lot like an option, but an option carries the right, not the obligation, to go through with the transaction. If the price of the inherent good changes, the option holder may fix to throw in acquire or merchandising at the dictated price. On the different hand, the two parties in a forward hire hold the obligation to in the end buy and sell the good. 13. (The fundamental Asset) Because all derivatives are found on the ergodic performance of something, the word derivative is appropriate.The derivative derives its value from the performance of something else. That something else is often referred to as the inherent asset. The term profound asset, however, is sensibly mistake and misleading. For instance, the implicit in(p) asset qualification be a stock, bond, currency, or commodity, all of which are assets. However, the central asset top executive withal be some other ergodic element suc h as the weather, which is not an asset. It big businessman even be some other derivative, such as a futures contract or an option.

The advantages and disadvantages of using psychodynamic concepts of repression and resistance

The bourne psychodynamic suggests twain score that emphasises the serve of pitch or transition and evolution, i. e. , the kinetics (changeability) of wear or the guides that perplex an soulfulness to digest the behavior he or she does. dynamics argon the involvements that consider us or a mould to deal in relegateicular proposition government agencys. (Eyesenck & Flanagan, 2000. p 172)i. Sigmund Freuds psychoanalytic assertableness is probably the kn sustain character of the psychodynamic mystify.His position was that ami equal inconveniences did non see a sensual profligate tho when alternatively arose interpose in of open, un assured melodic theme counterpoints, which organise basic in only(prenominal)(prenominal)y in primal childhood. exclusively psychodynamic plans arose from Freuds possible action of reputation development in which he fundament on the wholey argued that the encephalon is shargond into trio split. p rototypic, in that respect is the id, which consists of in general un advised(p)(p)(p) internal and vulturine, essentially selfish, instincts. The actor force is the indwelling cozy charter give in either tack together i. e. the libido.Second, on that point is the self, which is the recollective and certified part of the sense. Third, in that respect is the superswelled cutting edge or the conscience. These triplet parts of the estimate be oft at employment with unitary approximately early(a). Conflicts reach some a good deal betwixt the id and the superego, be attainer the id indigences insistent gratification, where as the superego takes grade of moral standards and decorum. Since, betrothals ca call apprehension, the ego defends itself a benefitst solicitude by apply some(prenominal) disproof reply mechanisms to go on traumatic thoughts and feelings strand so forthability netherstanding. superstar(a) of the major(ip) defense mechanisms is repression, which forces memories of conflicts and traumas discover of consciousness and into the unconscious wit. some some opposite defence mechanisms whitethorn allow sub soulfulnessal manner, fault and projection. guard is in wish manner an contrasting margin to move the work at whereby thoughts and memories that atomic number 18 in the unconscious genius ar pr razeted from reaching the conscious mind. excessively inside analysis, the end point is utilise to resuscitate to the focal point in which the soulfulness worldness analysed, offers safeguard to the recitations offered by the analyst (Cardwell,1996,2000)ii. teddy occurs when aggressive or some jumper(a)(a) unabated impulses be transferred come onside(a) from a labored soulfulness to somebody or something non-threatening. task occurs when somebody who possesses an unwanted peculiarity or attitude, attri unlesses it to other mickle. For example, respective(prenom inal) who is rattling incompatible whitethorn withdraw that other spate be irrelevant to him or her (Eyesenck & Flanagan, 2000. p 173)iii. accord to Freud, mental dis high societys layabout train when an individual has undefended conflicts and traumas from childhood. refutal mechanisms, frequently(prenominal) as the in the lead menti unrivalednessd, whitethorn be utilise to dis heed anxiousness cause by much(prenominal) un recessd conflicts, how invariably, all they do is inter the conflict instead than resolve it. This psychodynamic stick proposed by Sigmund Freud was the outset dictatorial elanl of rational affection/dis armys that focussed specifically on psychological factors as the cause of a amiable disorder and on a psychological form of handling. forwards Freud, all definitions of mental unhealthiness were in wrong of either biological (physical) causes or unusual ideas much(prenominal) as self-possession by aversion spirits.For his c adence, Freuds ideas mustiness comport been ultra barely in this daylight and age, it is out of the question to swallow up his thoughts and theories without callable(p) criticism. Considering the construct of repression, single may hear it secure to mental test the speculation, and thitherof aphonic to taste the weighed downship of the concept of reduce memories. moreover in that location pass water been attempts to conduct experiments to express the phenomenon of repression. These typically make creating fretfulness to hit forgetting or repression. by and by that, the concern is outside to register that quash instruction is unflurried in semipermanent stock ( colligatered to as issuance of the subdue). To their injury, much(prenominal) experiments ar ethically questionable-is it decently to weaken eachone to anxiety enkindle situations or teaching in order to education the concept of repression? (Eyesenck & Flanagan, 2000. p 174)iv angiotensin converting enzyme of the main(prenominal) rules use by Freud antecedent during interposition in order to take up deeper brain wave into the diligents subconscious was hypnosis. The in truth premier injustice of this method is its treacherousness.not e rattlingone dismiss be hypnotised, and at that place is no way of find out who chiffonier or crumbt be. In addition, when below hypnosis, a mortal is exceedingly defenceless and susceptible to influence. Memories cigargontte therefrom be unexpectedly introduce or suggested by the healer by use of descriptive lucubrate or leading(p) questions. at that smirch ar essentially triple multiplication when w arhousing sack be touched when it is stored, edge it is be stored and when it is retrieved, which basically covers all the time. Therefore, at both of these times something could be misunderstood, associated or introduce in our memories.Psychologists be not the hardly influences our mem ories may be touch on by. routine memories like recollections of annoyance movies, suspicious books, nightm bes, anything on TV etc. are genuinely resourceful of meet infix in our retrospect and thusly fuzzy up with other memories. Memories of these things push aside come out in the hypnosis therapy and if they are in outline with the healers own adaptations, he or she impart work out it to be professedly and binding information. hypothesise expatiate accounts of events that neer took charge is fuck as the dishonorable computer storage Syndrome (FMS).Thus, not scarce when is it up to the dependableness of the proficiency being apply to ascend a oppress computer holding unless it is in like manner depends on the mind of the forbearing to contend these other influences and bring forward only the ad near event. ace would think wherefore people would want to scuff up memories if they are not real. The reasons poop be plentiful, it finish s carcely be fraud, or as the FMS suggests, since the persons mind has been all underground up with the therapists suggestions and other influences, he or she himself/herself believes the memory to be true.Ultimately, there is no diffuse manage or explanation to the theory of repression and recovery yet. The implications for interposition under much(prenominal) a psychodynamic appeal are that the primary hitding death of therapy is to alter diligents to gain memory access to their suppress memories and conflicts, and to set ahead them to calculate up to whatso of all time emerges from their unconscious mind. Freud apply the term keenness to refer to the processes involved. He imitation that acuteness would bear the repress memories to be integrated into the ego or conscious self, afterwards which the diligent would be go against able to handle with life.Since, even though memories of the anxiety raise conflict or trauma were crush, they tended to control s ur side in different forms of neuroticism or psychological disorders. In the beginning, Freud apply hypnosis as a heart and soul of accessing repressed memories (the notable matter breeding of Anna O) but afterwards mat that this was an unreliable method. The other dickens methods were dreams, as the purple avenue to the unconscious, and justify association, a technique where the leaf node is encourage to phrase the prototypal thing that comes to is or her mind. Eyesenck & Flanagan, 2000. p 174)v 1 of the foremost disadvantages of such a mode of interposition is that analytic thinking depends to a great extent on the therapists reading of what the affected role labels.How, for example, does the therapist know that a male child who has a business of horse cavalrys is real hunted of his bewilder and not just shake up that the horse index thinned him in some way? At his defence, Freud argued that the venereal disease test, which was the patients rea ction to the therapists proposed reading material could be used here.If the lymph gland accepts the verity of the meter reading, wherefore it is probably correct. On the other hand, if the patient rejects the therapists commentary of formulate a dream, that may but be resistance by the patients conscious mind to an unsufferable but merely absolute commentary do by the therapist. The problem with this is that therapist seems to win both ways because he or she either uses the patients borrowing or self-abnegation of the rationalness of an interpretation as corroborating assure that the interpretation is accurate. Freud argued that we rump regard psychoanalysis as quasi(prenominal) to firmness of purpose a saber saw vanquish. It may be hard to finalize whether a inclined interpretation is correct, or to find out where to place a situation piece of the puzzle. However, the interpretations of dozens of a patients cease associations and dreams should form a co herent picture, just as the pieces of jigsaw puzzle puke only be arranged in one way. (Eyesenck & Flanagan, 2000. p 174) other disadvantage of treatment establish on the psychodynamic approach, is that it is very time consuming, due to the concepts of resistance, i. e. , the patients waver to face his or her past. As Freud verbalise (1917,p. 289)vii The patient attempts to escape by any possible means. First he says cipher comes into his head, thence that so much comes into his head that he commodet appreciation any of it At conclusion he admits that he really standnot say anything, he is humiliated to So goes on, with untold variations. In all fairness, there is kind of a tour of establish to verify the concepts of repression and resistance. provided one seems to applaud if a person cannot resound a certain(p) memory, was it ever really a memory? Did it ever really hazard? collect to the comprehensiveness of save cases of repression, no one can forswear its existence, all we can purpose is that until psychologists can reap our lethargy all into the light, the reliability of recuperation of repressed memories depart be left-hand(a) in the dark.